The 20th President of The United States, James A. Garfield

James A. Garfield was the second shot and killed President in office. Doctors tried to find the bullet with a metal detector invented by Alexander Graham Bell. But the device failed because Garfield was lying on a bed with metal springs, and no one thought to move. He died on September 19, 1881. As the last of the Presidents cabin, James A. Garfield attacked political corruption and won for the presidency far prestige it had lost during the period of reconstruction. He was born in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, in 1831. 

Fatherless at two years; later led teams canal boat, somehow earning enough money for education. He was graduated from Williams College in Massachusetts in 1856, and returned to the Reserve Eclectic Institute East (later Hiram College) in Ohio as a classics professor. Within a year he was made its resident. Garfield was elected to the Ohio Senate in 1859 as a Republican. During the secession crisis, he advocated sesionados forcing states to return back into the union. In 1862, when Union military victories had been few, he successfully led a brigade at Middle Creek, Kentucky, against Confederate troops. At 31, Garfield became Brigadier General, two years later was Major General of volunteers. Meanwhile, in 1862, Ohioans elected him to Congress. President Lincoln persuaded him to resign his commission. It was easier to find General Seniors get effective Republicans for Congress. Garfield won reelection on several occasions for 18 years, and became the leading Republican leader in the House.

In 1880 the Republican Convention, Garfield failed to win the presidential nomination against his friend John Sherman. Finally, on the ballot No. 36, Garfield himself became the candidate of "Black Horse". By a margin of only 10,000 popular votes, Garfield defeated the Democratic nominee, Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock. As President, Garfield strengthened federal authority over the Customs House New York, stronghold Roscoe Conkling Senator, who was leader of the Stalwart Republicans and sponsorship facilitator in New York. When Garfield submitted to the Senate a list of accusations including many friends Conkling, appointed archrival Conkling, William H. Robertson to run the Customs House. Conkling disputed the nomination, tried to persuade the Senate to block it, and appealed to Republican caucus that forced his retirement. But not submit Garfield: "This ... will resolve the question of whether the

President is the clerk of the Senate or the 1st executive of the United States .... as well as the main port of entry ... will be under the management control or under local control of a factional senator. "

Conkling maneuvered to make the Senate confirmed the appointments not confirmed by Garfield and deploy without acting on Robertson. Garfield contradicted by removing all appointments except Robertson; Senators would have to confirm him or sacrificing all signs of Conkling's friends. In the end, Conkling and his fellow New York senator resigned desperate move, hoping that his term would vindicate his position and reeligiría. Instead, the legislature elected two other men; the Senate confirmed Robertson. Garfield's victory was complete. In foreign affairs, the Secretary of State of Garfield invited all American republics to a conference to meet in Washington in 1882. But the conference never happened. On July 2, 1881, in a Washington railroad station, which enraged a lawyer had sought a consular post, he fired shots at the President. Mortally wounded, Garfield rested at the White House for weeks. Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone, tried unsuccessfully to find the bullet with an electric induction balance device he had designed. On September 6, Garfield was taken to the coast of New Jersey. For a few days it seemed to recover, but the September 19, 1881, died of an infection and internal bleeding.